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CVE-2026-12051— NULL pointer dereference in USB DFU device_next download handler (handle_download)

Quick assessment

Affected
zephyrproject zephyr
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

zephyrproject zephyr是zephyrproject组织开源的一个面向物联网设备的实时操作系统。 zephyrproject zephyr 4.4.0至4.5.0之前版本存在异常处理不当漏洞，该漏洞源于USB DFU类实现中的handle_download()函数在处理DFU_DNLOAD下载请求时未检查buf指针是否为空，直接计算MIN(setup->wLength, buf->len)并传递buf->data，导致空指针解引用，可能造成设备崩溃或重置，导致拒绝服务。

CVSS 4.6 · Medium EPSS 0.23% · P13

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1499 · Endpoint Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
zephyrproject zephyr 4.4.0< 4.4.2 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-12051

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
NULL pointer dereference in USB DFU device_next download handler (handle_download)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
The USB DFU class implementation in Zephyr's new (experimental) device_next USB device stack contains a NULL pointer dereference in handle_download() (subsys/usb/device_next/class/usbd_dfu.c). The handler computes MIN(setup->wLength, buf->len) and passes buf->data to the image write callback without checking that the buf net_buf pointer is non-NULL. The handler is reached over the USB control endpoint, driven by the USB host. For a DFU_DNLOAD (download) request with no Data OUT stage — notably the zero-length terminating download that the DFU protocol uses to end a firmware transfer — the USB core invokes the class handler with a NULL buffer. After the device has been advanced to the DFU_DNLOAD_IDLE state (by sending one valid download block and a GET_STATUS), a zero-length DFU_DNLOAD reaches handle_download() with buf == NULL, dereferencing it. The result is a NULL+offset read that triggers a fatal CPU fault, i.e. a denial of service (device crash/reset). The attacker is whatever controls the USB host the device is attached to; DFU download support must be enabled with a registered image. There is no memory corruption or information disclosure — impact is limited to availability. The fix adds an explicit if (buf != NULL) guard so the callback receives a zero-length, NULL-data transfer instead of crashing.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
空指针解引用
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
zephyrproject zephyr 异常处理不当漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
zephyrproject zephyr是zephyrproject组织开源的一个面向物联网设备的实时操作系统。 zephyrproject zephyr 4.4.0至4.5.0之前版本存在异常处理不当漏洞，该漏洞源于USB DFU类实现中的handle_download()函数在处理DFU_DNLOAD下载请求时未检查buf指针是否为空，直接计算MIN(setup->wLength, buf->len)并传递buf->data，导致空指针解引用，可能造成设备崩溃或重置，导致拒绝服务。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
zephyrproject zephyr 4.4.0 ~ 4.4.2 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-12051

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-12051

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-12051 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-12051 (1)

Same Patch Batch · zephyrproject · 2026-08-11 · 5 CVEs total

CVE-2026-11893 5.9 MEDIUM Double free / use-after-free in Bouffalo Lab HCI driver send() error paths (hci_bflb)
CVE-2026-11894 5.9 MEDIUM Double-free / use-after-free in Realtek BEE Bluetooth HCI driver `send()` error paths
CVE-2026-12052 5.2 MEDIUM Out-of-bounds write in USB CDC NCM control handler when host wLength is smaller than the r
CVE-2026-11985 3.6 LOW Cross-thread FPU register leak on ARM when FPU enabled without register sharing

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: zephyr
Same vendor: zephyrproject
Same weakness: CWE-476

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