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CVE-2026-23161— mm/shmem, swap: fix race of truncate and swap entry split

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于交换条目释放时存在竞争条件，可能导致数据被截断。

CVSS 7.3 · High EPSS 0.10% · P1

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1499 · Endpoint Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 8

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 809bc86517cc408b5b8cb8e08e69096639432bc8< a99f9a4669a04662c8f9efe0e62cafc598153139 affected
809bc86517cc408b5b8cb8e08e69096639432bc8< b23bee8cdb7aabce5701a7f57414db5a354ae8ed affected
809bc86517cc408b5b8cb8e08e69096639432bc8< 8a1968bd997f45a9b11aefeabdd1232e1b6c7184 affected
6.12 affected
< 6.12 unaffected
6.12.69≤ 6.12.* unaffected
6.18.9≤ 6.18.* unaffected
6.19≤ * unaffected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-23161

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
mm/shmem, swap: fix race of truncate and swap entry split
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/shmem, swap: fix race of truncate and swap entry split The helper for shmem swap freeing is not handling the order of swap entries correctly. It uses xa_cmpxchg_irq to erase the swap entry, but it gets the entry order before that using xa_get_order without lock protection, and it may get an outdated order value if the entry is split or changed in other ways after the xa_get_order and before the xa_cmpxchg_irq. And besides, the order could grow and be larger than expected, and cause truncation to erase data beyond the end border. For example, if the target entry and following entries are swapped in or freed, then a large folio was added in place and swapped out, using the same entry, the xa_cmpxchg_irq will still succeed, it's very unlikely to happen though. To fix that, open code the Xarray cmpxchg and put the order retrieval and value checking in the same critical section. Also, ensure the order won't exceed the end border, skip it if the entry goes across the border. Skipping large swap entries crosses the end border is safe here. Shmem truncate iterates the range twice, in the first iteration, find_lock_entries already filtered such entries, and shmem will swapin the entries that cross the end border and partially truncate the folio (split the folio or at least zero part of it). So in the second loop here, if we see a swap entry that crosses the end order, it must at least have its content erased already. I observed random swapoff hangs and kernel panics when stress testing ZSWAP with shmem. After applying this patch, all problems are gone.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于交换条目释放时存在竞争条件，可能导致数据被截断。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 809bc86517cc408b5b8cb8e08e69096639432bc8 ~ a99f9a4669a04662c8f9efe0e62cafc598153139 -
Linux Linux 6.12 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-23161

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-23161

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2026-02-14 · 108 CVEs total

CVE-2025-71202 8.8 HIGH iommu/sva: invalidate stale IOTLB entries for kernel address space
CVE-2026-23193 8.8 HIGH scsi: target: iscsi: Fix use-after-free in iscsit_dec_session_usage_count()
CVE-2026-23172 8.4 HIGH net: wwan: t7xx: fix potential skb->frags overflow in RX path
CVE-2026-23209 7.8 HIGH macvlan: fix error recovery in macvlan_common_newlink()
CVE-2025-71221 7.8 HIGH dmaengine: mmp_pdma: Fix race condition in mmp_pdma_residue()
CVE-2026-23178 7.8 HIGH HID: i2c-hid: fix potential buffer overflow in i2c_hid_get_report()
CVE-2026-23184 7.8 HIGH binder: fix UAF in binder_netlink_report()
CVE-2026-23185 7.8 HIGH wifi: iwlwifi: mld: cancel mlo_scan_start_wk
CVE-2026-23171 7.8 HIGH bonding: fix use-after-free due to enslave fail after slave array update
CVE-2026-23169 7.8 HIGH mptcp: fix race in mptcp_pm_nl_flush_addrs_doit()
CVE-2026-23191 7.8 HIGH ALSA: aloop: Fix racy access at PCM trigger
CVE-2026-23192 7.8 HIGH linkwatch: use __dev_put() in callers to prevent UAF
CVE-2026-23198 7.8 HIGH KVM: Don't clobber irqfd routing type when deassigning irqfd
CVE-2026-23139 7.5 HIGH netfilter: nf_conncount: update last_gc only when GC has been performed
CVE-2026-23136 7.5 HIGH libceph: reset sparse-read state in osd_fault()
CVE-2025-71204 7.5 HIGH smb/server: fix refcount leak in parse_durable_handle_context()
CVE-2026-23148 7.5 HIGH nvmet: fix race in nvmet_bio_done() leading to NULL pointer dereference
CVE-2025-71201 7.1 HIGH netfs: Fix early read unlock of page with EOF in middle
CVE-2026-23204 7.1 HIGH net/sched: cls_u32: use skb_header_pointer_careful()
CVE-2026-23195 7.0 HIGH cgroup/dmem: avoid pool UAF

Showing top 20 of 108 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2026-23161

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