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CVE-2026-31521— module: Fix kernel panic when a symbol st_shndx is out of bounds

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于模块加载器未检查符号st_shndx边界，可能导致内核恐慌。

AI Predicted 5.5 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.17% · P6

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1190 · Exploit Public-Facing Application

Affected Version Matrix 16

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 5d16f519b6eb1d071807e57efe0df2baa8d32ad6 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 4bbdb0e48176fd281c2b9a211b110db6fd94e175 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 082f15d2887329e0f43fd3727e69365f5bfe5d2c affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< ec2b22a58073f80739013588af448ff6e2ab906f affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< ef75dc1401d8e797ee51559a0dd0336c225e1776 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 6ba6957c640f58dc8ef046981a045da43e47ea23 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< f9d69d5e7bde2295eb7488a56f094ac8f5383b92 affected
2.6.12 affected
… +8 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-31521

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
module: Fix kernel panic when a symbol st_shndx is out of bounds
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: module: Fix kernel panic when a symbol st_shndx is out of bounds The module loader doesn't check for bounds of the ELF section index in simplify_symbols(): for (i = 1; i < symsec->sh_size / sizeof(Elf_Sym); i++) { const char *name = info->strtab + sym[i].st_name; switch (sym[i].st_shndx) { case SHN_COMMON: [...] default: /* Divert to percpu allocation if a percpu var. */ if (sym[i].st_shndx == info->index.pcpu) secbase = (unsigned long)mod_percpu(mod); else /** HERE --> **/ secbase = info->sechdrs[sym[i].st_shndx].sh_addr; sym[i].st_value += secbase; break; } } A symbol with an out-of-bounds st_shndx value, for example 0xffff (known as SHN_XINDEX or SHN_HIRESERVE), may cause a kernel panic: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ... RIP: 0010:simplify_symbols+0x2b2/0x480 ... Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception This can happen when module ELF is legitimately using SHN_XINDEX or when it is corrupted. Add a bounds check in simplify_symbols() to validate that st_shndx is within the valid range before using it. This issue was discovered due to a bug in llvm-objcopy, see relevant discussion for details [1]. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-modules/20251224005752.201911-1-ihor.solodrai@linux.dev/
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于模块加载器未检查符号st_shndx边界，可能导致内核恐慌。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 ~ 5d16f519b6eb1d071807e57efe0df2baa8d32ad6 -
Linux Linux 2.6.12 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-31521

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-31521

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2026-04-22 · 100 CVEs total

CVE-2026-31463 9.8 CRITICAL iomap: fix invalid folio access when i_blkbits differs from I/O granularity
CVE-2026-31444 9.8 CRITICAL ksmbd: fix use-after-free and NULL deref in smb_grant_oplock()
CVE-2026-31501 9.8 CRITICAL net: ti: icssg-prueth: fix use-after-free of CPPI descriptor in RX path
CVE-2026-31436 9.8 CRITICAL dmaengine: idxd: fix possible wrong descriptor completion in llist_abort_desc()
CVE-2026-31478 9.8 CRITICAL ksmbd: replace hardcoded hdr2_len with offsetof() in smb2_calc_max_out_buf_len()
CVE-2026-31448 9.4 CRITICAL ext4: avoid infinite loops caused by residual data
CVE-2026-31450 8.8 HIGH ext4: publish jinode after initialization
CVE-2026-31432 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix OOB write in QUERY_INFO for compound requests
CVE-2026-31433 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix potencial OOB in get_file_all_info() for compound requests
CVE-2026-31435 8.8 HIGH netfs: Fix read abandonment during retry
CVE-2026-31476 8.2 HIGH ksmbd: do not expire session on binding failure
CVE-2026-31464 8.1 HIGH scsi: ibmvfc: Fix OOB access in ibmvfc_discover_targets_done()
CVE-2026-31513 8.1 HIGH Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix stack-out-of-bounds read in l2cap_ecred_conn_req
CVE-2026-31446 7.8 HIGH ext4: fix use-after-free in update_super_work when racing with umount
CVE-2026-31449 7.8 HIGH ext4: validate p_idx bounds in ext4_ext_correct_indexes
CVE-2026-31502 7.8 HIGH team: fix header_ops type confusion with non-Ethernet ports
CVE-2026-31431 7.8 HIGH crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-place
CVE-2026-31488 7.8 HIGH drm/amd/display: Do not skip unrelated mode changes in DSC validation
CVE-2026-31490 7.8 HIGH drm/xe/pf: Fix use-after-free in migration restore
CVE-2026-31454 7.8 HIGH xfs: save ailp before dropping the AIL lock in push callbacks

Showing top 20 of 100 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2026-31521

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