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CVE-2026-40569— FreeScout's Mass Assignment in Mailbox Connection Settings Enables Silent Email Exfiltration

Quick assessment

Affected
freescout-help-desk freescout
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

FreeScout是FreeScout公司的一个使用 PHP（Laravel 框架）构建的超轻量级且功能强大的免费开源帮助台和共享收件箱。 FreeScout 1.8.213之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于邮箱连接设置端点中的connectionIncomingSave和connectionOutgoingSave方法将$request->all直接传递给$mailbox->fill，可能导致经过身份验证的管理员用户覆盖Mailbox模型中的任何可填充字段，包括安全关键字段，从而静默密送邮件或重定向SMT

CVSS 9.0 · Critical EPSS 0.52% · P42
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-40569

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
FreeScout's Mass Assignment in Mailbox Connection Settings Enables Silent Email Exfiltration
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Versions prior to 1.8.213 have a mass assignment vulnerability in the mailbox connection settings endpoints of FreeScout (`connectionIncomingSave()` at `app/Http/Controllers/MailboxesController.php:468` and `connectionOutgoingSave()` at line 398). Both methods pass `$request->all()` directly to `$mailbox->fill()` without any field allowlisting, allowing an authenticated admin to overwrite any of the 32 fields in the Mailbox model's `$fillable` array -- including security-critical fields that do not belong to the connection settings form, such as `auto_bcc`, `out_server`, `out_password`, `signature`, `auto_reply_enabled`, and `auto_reply_message`. Validation in `connectionIncomingSave()` is entirely commented out, and the validator in `connectionOutgoingSave()` only checks value formats for SMTP fields without stripping extra parameters. An authenticated admin user can exploit this by appending hidden parameters (e.g., `auto_bcc=attacker@evil.com`) to a legitimate connection settings save request. Because the `auto_bcc` field is not displayed on the connection settings form (it only appears on the general mailbox settings page), the injection is invisible to other administrators reviewing connection settings. Once set, every outgoing email from the affected mailbox is silently BCC'd to the attacker via the `SendReplyToCustomer` job. The same mechanism allows redirecting outgoing SMTP through an attacker-controlled server, injecting tracking pixels or phishing links into email signatures, and enabling attacker-crafted auto-replies -- all from a single HTTP request. This is particularly dangerous in multi-admin environments where one admin can silently surveil mailboxes managed by others, and when an admin session is compromised via a separate vulnerability (e.g., XSS), the attacker gains persistent email exfiltration that survives session expiry. Version 1.8.213 fixes the issue.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
访问控制不恰当
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
FreeScout 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
FreeScout是FreeScout公司的一个使用 PHP（Laravel 框架）构建的超轻量级且功能强大的免费开源帮助台和共享收件箱。 FreeScout 1.8.213之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于邮箱连接设置端点中的connectionIncomingSave和connectionOutgoingSave方法将$request->all直接传递给$mailbox->fill，可能导致经过身份验证的管理员用户覆盖Mailbox模型中的任何可填充字段，包括安全关键字段，从而静默密送邮件或重定向SMT
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

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Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
freescout-help-desk freescout < 1.8.213 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-40569

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-40569

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-40569 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-40569 (1)

Vendor Pages for CVE-2026-40569 (1)

Same Patch Batch · freescout-help-desk · 2026-04-21 · 20 CVEs total

CVE-2026-41193 9.1 CRITICAL FreeScout has Zip Slip path traversal in module installation that allows arbitrary file wr
CVE-2026-40568 8.5 HIGH FreeScout Vulnerable to XSS via Mailbox Signature Due to Incomplete HTML Sanitization
CVE-2026-40497 8.1 HIGH FreeScout Vulnerable to CSS Injection via Stored Style Tag in Mailbox Signature (CSRF Toke
CVE-2026-40589 7.6 HIGH FreeScout has Customer Edit Cross-Mailbox Email Takeover
CVE-2026-41190 7.1 HIGH FreeScout has assigned-only visibility bypass via save_draft that allows hidden conversati
CVE-2026-41189 7.1 HIGH FreeScout has assigned-only visibility bypass that allows editing hidden customer-authored
CVE-2026-41191 7.1 HIGH FreeScout's signature only mailbox permission allows unauthorized mailbox chat setting cha
CVE-2026-40591 7.1 HIGH FreeScout: Improper Authorization in Phone Conversation Creation Enables Cross-Mailbox Hid
CVE-2026-41192 7.1 HIGH FreeScout's client-controlled attachment IDs allow deletion of existing conversation attac
CVE-2026-40565 6.1 MEDIUM FreeScout has Stored XSS / CSS Injection via linkify() — Unescaped URL in Anchor href
CVE-2026-40592 5.9 MEDIUM FreeScout's cross-user undo reply allows mailbox peers to recall another agent's outbound
CVE-2026-40567 5.8 MEDIUM FreeScout has HTML Injection in Outgoing Emails via Unsanitized Customer Name in Signature
CVE-2026-41194 5.4 MEDIUM FreeScout's Mailbox OAuth disconnect uses a state-changing GET and is CSRFable
CVE-2026-41183 4.3 MEDIUM FreeScout allows non-folder conversation queries to disclose assigned-only hidden conversa
CVE-2026-40590 4.3 MEDIUM FreeScout's Customer AJAX Create Modifies Hidden Existing Customer
CVE-2026-40566 4.1 MEDIUM FreeScout vulnerable to SSRF via IMAP/SMTP Connection Test Endpoints
CVE-2026-40498 FreeScout has Authentication Bypass and Information Disclosure in SystemController via /sy
CVE-2026-40570 FreeScout's Missing Authorization in load_customer_info Allows Any Authenticated User to A
CVE-2026-40496 FreeScout has Predictable Attachment Token that Allows Unauthenticated Private File Downlo

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: freescout
Same vendor: freescout-help-desk
Same weakness: CWE-284

V. Comments for CVE-2026-40569

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