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CVE-2026-49249— Boruta: Authenticated atom-exhaustion DoS in BorutaIdentityWeb.UserSettingsController.update/2

Quick assessment

Affected
malach-it boruta-server
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Boruta 是一个独立的授权服务器，旨在实现 OAuth 2.0 和 OpenID Connect 的分散式身份规范。在 0.10.0 版本之前，Boruta 的 函数会在任何验证之前，使用 对用户在请求体中提供的每一个键进行原子化。由于 会在 BEAM 的原子表中永久地注册原子（默认上限为 1,048,576 个原子，即 ），因此任何经过身份验证的终端用户都可以通过发送带有全新键的 请求（每次请求使用不同的新键）来耗尽全局 VM 的原子表。一旦原子表被占满，BEAM 将因原子表中没有更多可用索引条目而中止，导致

CVSS 7.1 · High EPSS 0.09% · P25

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1298
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-49249

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Boruta: Authenticated atom-exhaustion DoS in BorutaIdentityWeb.UserSettingsController.update/2
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Boruta is a standalone authorization server that aims to implement OAuth 2.0 and Openid Connect up to decentralized identity specifications. Prior to version 0.10.0, BorutaIdentityWeb.UserSettingsController.update/2 atomizes every key of the user-supplied request body via String.to_atom/1 before any validation. Because String.to_atom interns atoms permanently in the BEAM atom table (default cap 1,048,576 atoms; ERL_MAX_ATOMS), any authenticated end user can send PUT /users/settings with a user[<fresh-key>]=... body containing fresh keys per request and exhaust the global VM atom table. Once the table is full, the BEAM aborts with no more index entries in atom_tab and the entire OIDC server (auth, admin, gateway apps in the umbrella) crashes. The route is protected only by require_authenticated_user and a per-IP rate limit of 10 requests/second; a logged-in end user can hit it. The keys are atomized unconditionally before the downstream Accounts.update_user/6 call, so even failing updates contribute to exhaustion. This issue has been patched in version 0.10.0.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
未加控制的资源消耗(资源穷尽)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
malach-it boruta-server < 0.10.0 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-49249

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-49249

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-49249 (1)

Vendor Pages for CVE-2026-49249 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: boruta-server
Same vendor: malach-it
Same weakness: CWE-400

V. Comments for CVE-2026-49249

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