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CVE-2026-52885— Notepad++ TOCTOU: HMAC Checks Disk, Executes from Memory

Quick assessment

Affected
notepad-plus-plus notepad-plus-plus
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

notepad-plus-plus notepad-plus-plus是notepad-plus-plus团队的一款文本编辑软件。 notepad-plus-plus 8.9.6.4之前版本存在竞争条件问题漏洞，该漏洞源于NppCommands.cpp中的检查时间与使用时间（TOCTOU）问题，可能导致具有shortcuts.xml写入权限的攻击者在启动前放置恶意版本并在加载后恢复合法文件，从而导致恶意载荷从内存中执行。

AI Predicted 7.8 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.12% · P2

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1055.001 · Dynamic-link Library Injection

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
notepad-plus-plus notepad-plus-plus < 8.9.6.4 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-52885

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Notepad++ TOCTOU: HMAC Checks Disk, Executes from Memory
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.6.4, NppCommands.cpp checks the HMAC of the on-disk shortcuts.xml at the moment a user command fires (Time-of-Check). However, the command payload is taken from the in-memory _userCommands vector, which is populated at application startup and never re-synchronized with the on-disk file (Time-of-Use). Swapping shortcuts.xml between startup and command execution causes the HMAC check to validate a clean file while a malicious command runs. An attacker with write access to shortcuts.xml places a malicious version on disk before launch, then immediately restores the legitimate file. The HMAC check at execution time validates the restored legitimate file (check passes), while the malicious payload executes from memory. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.9.6.4.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
检查时间与使用时间(TOCTOU)的竞争条件
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
notepad-plus-plus 竞争条件问题漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
notepad-plus-plus notepad-plus-plus是notepad-plus-plus团队的一款文本编辑软件。 notepad-plus-plus 8.9.6.4之前版本存在竞争条件问题漏洞，该漏洞源于NppCommands.cpp中的检查时间与使用时间（TOCTOU）问题，可能导致具有shortcuts.xml写入权限的攻击者在启动前放置恶意版本并在加载后恢复合法文件，从而导致恶意载荷从内存中执行。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
notepad-plus-plus notepad-plus-plus < 8.9.6.4 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-52885

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-52885

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-52885 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-52885 (1)

Same Patch Batch · notepad-plus-plus · 2026-06-26 · 6 CVEs total

CVE-2026-52884 7.8 HIGH Notepad++: CVE-2026-48800 Bypass
CVE-2026-48778 7.8 HIGH Notepad++: Arbitrary Code Execution via config.xml commandLineInterpreter
CVE-2026-48800 7.8 HIGH Notepad++: Arbitrary Code Execution via shortcuts.xml UserCommand Injection
CVE-2026-48770 5.0 MEDIUM Notepad++ WM_COPYDATA COPYDATA_FULL_CMDLINE local DoS crash
CVE-2026-46710 Notepad++: Privilege Escalation in the Installer via Uncontrolled Executable Search Path

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: notepad-plus-plus
Same vendor: notepad-plus-plus
Same weakness: CWE-367

V. Comments for CVE-2026-52885

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