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CVE-2026-84384— libheif: brotli/zlib decompression paths lack output-size limits, allowing decompression-bomb OOM/DoS

Quick assessment

Affected
strukturag libheif
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

libheif 是 HEIF 和 AVIF 文件格式的解码器与编码器。从版本 1.19.0 到 1.23.2，精心构造的 HEIF 或 AVIF MIME 元数据和无效的图像数据可能导致 和 在缺乏有效的输出大小限制或内存句柄（MemoryHandle）计时的情况下，让累积输出不断增长。具体而言： Brotli 路径没有设置输出上限； Zlib 路径仅在一个有效数据流不会进入的分支中检查一个小临时缓冲区，导致该检查形同虚设； 重叠的 icef 单元可以重复解压同一负载。 在打开文件时处理多个压缩的元数据项，使得一个

CVSS 7.5 · High EPSS 0.52% · P44

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
strukturag libheif >= 1.19.0, < 1.23.2 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-84384

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
libheif: brotli/zlib decompression paths lack output-size limits, allowing decompression-bomb OOM/DoS
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
对高度压缩数据的处理不恰当(数据放大攻击)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
strukturag libheif >= 1.19.0, < 1.23.2 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-84384

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-84384

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Other References for CVE-2026-84384 (2)

Same Patch Batch · strukturag · 2026-09-18 · 9 CVEs total

CVE-2026-84383 9.8 CRITICAL libheif: Heap buffer overflow in `scale_nearest_neighbor()` via duplicate Alpha planes fro
CVE-2026-84447 7.5 HIGH libheif: Derived-image indirect reference chains and tiled offsets bypass decode caching a
CVE-2026-84446 7.5 HIGH libheif: Sequence decode timing-table initialization allows non-terminating loops and unbo
CVE-2026-84444 7.4 HIGH libheif uncompressed tiled image encoding allows out-of-bounds write
CVE-2026-84451 6.5 MEDIUM libheif: Incomplete fix for CVE-2026-62292 leaves libheif vulnerable to an out-of-bounds r
CVE-2026-84450 4.3 MEDIUM libheif: `clap` + oversized `ispe` aborts on an assert in `Fraction::Fraction` (incomplete
CVE-2026-84448 4.0 MEDIUM libheif: Heap out-of-bounds read in libheif inline-mask region API (heif_region_item_add_r
CVE-2026-84449 3.7 LOW libheif hOp_RGB24_32_to_YCbCr Memory Access Error / SEGV

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: libheif
Same vendor: strukturag
Same weakness: CWE-409