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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5186

5186 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-111398 WordPress MapSVG plugin <= 8.16.1 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — MapSVG 7.7 High 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-112051 Xinference through 4.0.1 Path Traversal via model_name in Custom Model Registration — inference 6.5 Medium 2026-10-18
CVE-2026-112049 Vita3K before build 4187 Path Traversal via VPK Package Installation — Vita3K 5.5 Medium 2026-10-18
CVE-2026-112015 Omnigent 0.3.0 before 0.14.0 Path Traversal via Sub-Agent os_env.cwd — omnigent 7.5 High 2026-10-18
CVE-2026-112005 WhoDB 0.104.0 before 0.135.0 Arbitrary File Read/Write via DuckDB Query Editor — whodb 7.7 High 2026-10-18
CVE-2026-110253 weForms <= 1.6.28 - Unauthenticated Limited Media File Deletion via 'wpuf_files' Parameter — weForms – Easy Drag & Drop Contact Form Builder For WordPress 5.4 Medium 2026-10-17
CVE-2026-110268 Post Export Import with Media <= 1.17.2 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Path Traversal via 'theme_slug' Parameter — Post Export Import with Media 4.9 Medium 2026-10-17
CVE-2026-111855 Tektronix 3 Series MDO 1.21.1 之前版本路径遍历漏洞 — 3 Series MDO 7.5 High 2026-10-17
CVE-2026-111854 Tektronix 3 系列 MDO 1.21.1 前路径遍历漏洞 — 3 Series MDO 8.1 High 2026-10-17
CVE-2026-111635 Helical Insight through 7.0.0 Path Traversal via /getExternalResource — helicalinsight 4.3 Medium 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-111618 CoAI through 4.0.0 Unauthenticated Path Traversal via Archive Download Endpoints — CoAI 5.3 Medium 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-41582 countly-server: Unauthenticated Path Traversal via Public Image and Screenshot Routes Leads to Read Internal Files — countly-server 7.5 High 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-42269 countly-server: Path Traversal in delete_import Endpoint Allows Arbitrary File and Directory Deletion — countly-server 8.1 High 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-107777 Thermo Fisher Torrent Suite Software Path Traversal — Torrent Suite Software 6.5 Medium 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-109118 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in rdiffweb — rdiffweb 4.6 Medium 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-103896 10Web Booster <= 2.34.5 - Unauthenticated Limited File Write / Cache Poisoning via Query-string Parameter Traversal in Page-Cache Path — 10Web Booster – Website speed optimization, Cache & Page Speed optimizer 7.5 High 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-93767 Tainacan <= 1.3.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read via 'guid' Parameter — Tainacan 6.5 Medium 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-109221 Groundhogg <= 4.9.3 - Authenticated (Sales Representative+) Arbitrary File Deletion via CSV Import 'copy_file' Field Mapping — Groundhogg — CRM, Newsletters, and Marketing Automation 8.1 High 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-104769 Debloat <= 1.3.0 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via 's' Search Parameter via @import url() in Reflected Search-Feed <link> — Debloat – Remove Unused CSS, Optimize JS 5.9 Medium 2026-10-16
CVE-2026-84823 Org.wildfly.core: wildfly: path traversal in take-snapshot discloses the server configuration to the monitor role — Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 7.1 High 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-108452 Microsoft Office SharePoint Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription Edition 8.8 High 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-111170 kedro-datasets 9.3.0 through 9.6.0 Path Traversal via MatplotlibDataset Plot Name — kedro-datasets 6.5 Medium 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-57496 NetLicensing MCP Server: REST Path Traversal Bypasses Token Redaction — NetLicensing-MCP 9.6 Critical 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-61702 OpenPrinting CUPS: root-side banner file disclosure — cups 5.3 Medium 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-62679 Lychee: Path traversal in `SecurePathController` allows authenticated arbitrary file read — Lychee 8.9 High 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-85634 Wildfly-core: wildfly-core: deployer rbac role privilege escalation via path traversal in deployment name — Red Hat Fuse 7 8.8 High 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-58393 OPNsense: OpenVPN Client Specific Override common_name allows path traversal in generated CSO files — core 5.9 Medium 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-57155 OPNsense: Root RCE via Arbitrary File Write in GeoIP Alias Importer — core 9.9 Critical 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-63130 EspoCRM: Admin path traversal in LabelManager (Custom Label saving) allows arbitrary `.json` file read, write and delete — espocrm 5.5 Medium 2026-10-15
CVE-2026-104025 Path traversal in PeaZip object preview allows execution of arbitrary programs via a crafted archive entry name — PeaZip 8.4 High 2026-10-15

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5186 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.