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CVE-2026-1035— Org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: keycloak refresh token reuse bypass via toctou race condition

Quick assessment

Affected
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Keycloak是Keycloak开源的一种开源身份和访问管理解决方案。 Keycloak存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于TokenManager类在处理刷新令牌时验证和更新操作非原子性，可能导致并发刷新请求绕过单次使用限制。

CVSS 3.1 · Low EPSS 0.31% · P21

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1136.002 · Domain Account
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-1035

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: keycloak refresh token reuse bypass via toctou race condition
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak’s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
检查时间与使用时间(TOCTOU)的竞争条件
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Keycloak 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Keycloak是Keycloak开源的一种开源身份和访问管理解决方案。 Keycloak存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于TokenManager类在处理刷新令牌时验证和更新操作非原子性，可能导致并发刷新请求绕过单次使用限制。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 26.4.11-1 ~ * cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 26.4-14 ~ * cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 26.4-14 ~ * cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4.11 - cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9
Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 - cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack - cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
Red Hat Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 - cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-1035

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-1035

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-1035 (3)

Same Patch Batch · Red Hat · 2026-01-21 · 4 CVEs total

CVE-2025-14559 6.5 MEDIUM Org.keycloak/keycloak-services: keycloak keycloak-services: business logic flaw allows una
CVE-2026-0988 3.7 LOW Glib: glib: denial of service via integer overflow in g_buffered_input_stream_peek()
CVE-2025-14083 2.7 LOW Keycloak-server: keycloak: improper access control in admin rest api leads to information

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4
Same vendor: Red Hat
Same weakness: CWE-367

V. Comments for CVE-2026-1035

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